The Internet of things will undermine the global economy

What is the difference between the Internet of things and the usual Internet? Not only a large number of connected devices, but also the ways they connect and interact with each other and with the person. The opportunities that it will give the economy, in turn, will change the links between processes, technologies, market participants. It will be a completely different economy.

We know very well that the amount of data and the number of connected devices are growing exponentially, we understand that we are witnesses and participants in the next technological revolution, as a result of which the words "Internet of things" will become commonplace, like the word "computer", or completely withdraw from the lexicon and Will be replaced by something else. But in the race for tomorrow, we must not forget the main thing - the goal.

What are we doing this for and how are we going to use connected devices? Today, many Internet enthusiasts of things are ready to introduce it anywhere, motivating it with considerations of "economy" or "efficiency", "manageability". One of the conference speakers told the participants that he was offered to put a network of sensors to turn off lighting and other electrical appliances when employees go home. But a similar effect can be achieved by entrusting this task to the cleaner. This example shows that the market still does not have a common understanding of what to expect from the Internet of things and what can be assigned to it.

Education

But real cases have already appeared, not only in the commercial sector, but also in the sphere of education. The Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Financial Academy) will use video analytics to monitor student attendance and analyze their attentions. On the new project, the head of the Department for Data Analysis, Decision Making and Financial Technologies at the University Vladimir Solovyov said. In the course of it a network of sensors and video cameras providing data for analysts was created in one of the corps of the university. First of all, the management of the Financial University is interested in monitoring the presence of students in the classroom. Vladimir Solovyov said that this is not the first attempt: earlier in the university an access control system was introduced, part of which were sensors at the entrance to the audience, to which students were supposed to attach their cards with RFID tags, but this project fell through the resistance of students. The new system lacks such a disadvantage, as the number of listeners is counted remotely from data from video cameras.

Analysis of the attention of students in the classroom

Source: Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, 2017

"An interesting aspect of the project is an analysis of students' attention and what they do in the audience," the speaker said. - It became possible with the help of intellectual analysis of emotions. In addition, we are interested in managing the comfort of staying at the university due to the integrated management of heating, lighting, and security. Now the installation of temperature, light and air quality sensors is being completed. " The pilot's launch and the beginning of data collection should already occur these days.

What else new offers internet of things? Can I see now what it looks like? Despite the absence of an integrated, complete system, there are already a lot of elements of digital transformation around us, and many companies and businesses are associated with them. Andrey Koptelov, vice president of ABPMP Russia, gathered a whole collection of examples of using the Internet of things in Russia: "The process of digital transformation of the economy has begun, and the companies of the first echelon are now very actively growing, increasing their turnover several times a year. We collect these examples and use them to teach the students of the University "Synergy". Already on the existing examples we see that it is necessary to adjust in the development of the Internet of things. In particular, there are no virtual images (descriptions of parameters) of real things, things are passive (they have weak independent physical activity), they do not see and understand each other well, are volatile. And, finally, even two things do not know how and for what it is necessary to interact with each other. Complex self-organizing configurations of things, consisting of many elements - this is still fantastic. "

Startups

From all sides you can hear talk about the prospects that the world will receive with the full implementation of the Internet of things and the industrial Internet of things. Analysts assess the markets, calculate future profits. Against this background, not everyone can hear the voices of security experts, who warn of the approaching cyber threats associated with the easy penetration of hackers into the IW infrastructure. According to analysts' estimates, led by Sergey Voinov, the head of the Internet for things of the IT cluster of the Skolkovo Foundation, more than 80% of new IW devices will be vulnerable from the security point of view.

Assessing the state of the emerging IW in Russia, Sergei Voinov noted that 90-95% of IV products solve the problem of reducing consumer costs, but only 5-10% of revenue. More than 70% of Russian ideas in IW are associated with "smart meters" of water, electricity and gas, and therefore have no novelty and prospects in the market. "In the Skolkovo portfolio, there are developments of about a hundred young companies that are engaged in the Internet of things," the speaker said. - But not all of them have already started to create the product, half are still developing. "Skolkovo" supports start-ups working in different areas of IW: from industrial solutions, systems for smart houses and smart cities, cars, and to telemedicine. "
Foreign experience

This conference was international due to the participation of speakers from Germany and Israel. From Israel was the head of cybersecurity department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection Yakov Dolmatsky. As an expert in information security, he dwelled on threats to the Internet of things and from his side for people who most of us still do not realize: "There are many unsolved problems. The first of them is the legal responsibility of people for the actions of the connected devices. If an unmanned vehicle arranges an accident, who will respond - the owner or the lessee-passenger? The second problem is interference in private life. If a hacker connects to the camera and microphone of a smart TV, he will have access to all the family secrets of his hosts. There are several sectors of IW use - consumer, municipal, industrial and military - and each sector needs its own approach to solving information security issues based on risk management. "

Germany was represented by Elena Matekina, head of the Central and Eastern Europe and Russia department of NRW.Invest from Dusseldorf, spoke about investment prospects and best practices of the Internet of things in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. "Our region is one of the most industrialized, it gives 27.6% of Germany's gross domestic product. And this is the top region in the field of digitalization, "she said. - North Rhine-Westphalia today forms industry 4.0, which is characterized by a focus on smart production, cyber-physical production systems, and is the basis for industrial Internet of things. In Germany, much attention is paid to the development of industry 4.0. According to one forecast, only in the next year the expenses of enterprises on ICT for industry 4.0 will amount to more than € 650 billion, which is 54% more than in 2014. Of these, € 347 million will be directed to IT services, € 125 million - to Network services and € 105 million for infrastructure in the field of ICT, and another 80 million for software in the industry 4.0 ".

What drives the digitalization of the economy

In large Western companies, the industrial Internet of things is already being actively used. In particular, General Electric has created its own platform Predix, which is used to collect and analyze data from all connected industrial equipment, as well as the interaction between machines and humans. Part of it is a cloud superstructure in which the development, deployment and commercialization of industrial Internet applications of things are carried out.

Vladislav Kamensky, technical director of TaskData, shared his experience with this system: "Looking at the system from the inside, we saw that GE wants to control the full production cycle of data obtained from the facilities created by the same company: oil wells, aircraft engines, cars and everything else. And they write client applications, with which you can work with this data. This is a very ambitious and bold goal. We see that giant corporations are very serious about creating the Internet of things and are actively investing in it. "

Sum of technologies

One of the requirements for the Internet of things is fault tolerance. If some parts of devices fail, the data must be transmitted. This task can be solved in several ways, one of which is the deployment of Mesh networks. This network has become one of the components of our own development of the company "Astrosoft" - it's an embedded real-time operating system (RTOS) for multi-agent coherent systems, IT equipment and the Internet of things "Max". "Our system is interesting because to the standard functionality of RTOS we have added mechanisms for organizing the interaction of multiple devices, which makes it convenient for use in the Internet of things," said Pavel Loktev, deputy director of the department for the promotion of the system software AstroSoft. "The RTOS allows you to accelerate the production of software and device development, because the system has rich functionality."